Morphological Features and Morphometric Parameters of The Colon After Correction with an Immunomodulator Under the Conditions of Experimental Chemotherapy
Abstract
Every year, more than 600 thousand people are diagnosed with malignant tumors of the large intestine. Moreover, in 60-70% of patients, late stages of the disease are detected. Colorectal cancer is more commonly found in patients older than 50 years of age. The gender ratio is 1:1.5 (men get sick more often). Colorectal cancer is formed as a result of malignant transformation of intestinal epithelial cells. Most often, the tumor occurs in the descending colon. The mechanism of neoplasia has not been studied. Presumably, the development of the disease is promoted by chronic inflammatory processes, contacts with carcinogens, and the presence of polyps in the intestine [Makarov O.G., 2022]. Immunotherapy is an innovative method of cancer treatment. It is based on interference in the interaction of the patient's immune system and a malignant tumor. Immunotherapy goes well with classical methods of treatment [Ivanisova D.N., 2022]. "The goal of cancer immunotherapy is to get the patient's immune system to work in such a way that it can counteract the growth of a malignant tumor on its own." As for chemotherapy, in most cases it is most effective in combination with immunotherapy drugs. For example, vaccination with dendritic cells may occur between cycles of chemotherapy, or chemotherapy may precede CAR T cell therapy. Certain chemotherapy regimens can enhance the immune response against tumors, which allows patients to achieve cancer remission faster [Zhilyuk D.V., 2022]. The obtained studies have shown that the growth of most malignant neoplasms is accompanied by changes in the parameters of various parts of the immune response. To determine the nature and intensity of damage to the immune system, a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MCA) to differentiation antigens of immunocompetent cells and a number of tests that determine their functional activity are currently used.
